a. wash his clothes or body
b. or, change his clothes
c. or, take off his clothes if something is covering his private parts.
The same will apply if he realizes that his clothes or body has become najis, but doubts if it became najis at that moment or it was najis from before.
However, if it turns out that washing his body or clothes, or changing his clothes, or taking off his clothes breaks the form of his prayer, or if he removes his clothes, it will expose his private parts, his prayers will have been rendered invalid. Subsequently he should offer his prayers again with ÔÁhir clothes and a ÔÁhir body.
a. If his body or clothing becomes najis and he realizes that it has become najis before having prayed anything of his prayer.
b. If his body or clothing are najis but he doubts as to whether they were najis from before or whether they became najis during that time
If another article of clothing is covering his private parts, he should remove the najis clothing and complete his prayer. However, if there is no other article of clothing covering his private parts and he cannot change his clothes, nor render them ÔÁhir by means of water, it is an obligatory precaution that he complete his prayer with the najis clothing.
Wash his body, if doing so does not break the form of his prayer.
Continue praying in the same state (of najÁsah), if washing his body breaks the form of his prayer. In this case, his prayer will be valid.
The same will apply if he realizes that his body has become najis, but doubts if it became najis at that moment or was najis from before.
After the first takbÐr, he should recite:
أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَسُولُ اللَّه
Ash hadu an la ilaaha illal lahu wa ash hadu anna Muhammadar Rasulullah.
After the second takbÐr:
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّد
Alla humma salli 'ala Muhammadin wa aali Muhammad.
After the third takbÐr:
اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ الْمُؤْمِنَات
Alla hummaghfir lil mu'mineena wal mu'minaat.
After the fourth takbÐr, if the deceased is a man:
اللهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِهذَا الْمَيِّتِ
Alla hummaghfir li haadhal mayyit.
And if the deceased is a woman:
اللهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِهذِه الْمَيِّتِ
Alla hummaghfir li haadhihil mayyit.
He should then complete his prayer with the fifth takbÐr.
It is better to recite the following recitations after each takbÐr:
After the first takbÐr:
أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ أَرْسَلَهُ بِالْحَقِّ بَشِيراً وَ نَذِيراً بَيْنَ يَدَيِ السَّاعَة
Ash hadu an la ilaaha illallahu wahdahu la shareeka lah. Wa ash hadu anna Muhammadan 'abduhu wa Rasuluh, arsalahu bil haqqi bashirau wa nadheeran bayna yada yis sa'aa.
Following the second takbÐr:
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ بَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ ارْحَمْ مُحَمَّداً وَ آلَ مُحَمَّدٍ كَأَفْضَلِ مَا صَلَّيْتَ وَ بَارَكْتَ وَ تَرَحَّمْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيد وَ صَلِّ عَلى جَمِيعِ الأَنْبِياءِ وَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ وَ الشُّهَداءِ وَ الصِّدِّيقِينَ وَ جَمِيعِ عِبادِ اللّهِ الصّالِحِينَ
Alla humma salli 'ala Muhammadin wa aali Muhammadiu wa barik 'ala Muhammadin wa aali Muhammadiu, warham Muhammadan wa aala Muhammadin ka afdhali ma sallayta wa barakta wa tarah hamta 'ala Ibrahima wa aali Ibrahima innaka Hamidum Majeed wa salli 'ala jamee'il ambiya'i wal-mursalina wash-shuhadaa'i was-siddeeqeena wa jamee'i 'ibaadilla his-saliheen.
Following the third takbÐr:
اَللّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ الْمُؤْمِناتِ وَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ الْمُسْلِماتِ الأَحْياءِ مِنْهُمْ وَ الاَْمْواتِ تابِعْ بَيْنَنا وَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْخَيْراتِ اِنَّكَ مُجِيبُ الدَّعَواتِ اِنَّكَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْء قَدِير
Alla hum maghfir lil mu'minina wal mu'minati wal muslimina wal muslimat, al ahya'i minhum wal amwat tabi' baynana wa baynahum bil khayrati innaka mujibud-da'waat innaka 'ala kulli shay'in Qadeer.
After the fourth takbÐr, if the deceased is a man, he should recite:
اللَّهُمَّ اِنَّ هذَا عَبْدُكَ وَ ابْنُ عَبْدِكَ وَ ابْنُ أَمَتِكَ نَزَلَ بِكَ وَ أَنْتَ خَيْرُ مَنْزُولٍ بِهِ اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا لَا نَعْلَمُ مِنْهُ إِلَّا خَيْراً وَ أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنَّا اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ مُحْسِناً فَزِدْ فِي إِحْسَانِهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ مُسِيئاً فَتَجَاوَزْ عَنْهُ وَ اغْفِرْ لَهُ اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْهُ عِنْدَكَ فِي أَعْلَى عِلِّيِّينَ وَ اخْلُفْ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ فِي الْغَابِرِينَ وَ ارْحَمْهُ بِرَحْمَتِكَ يَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِين
Alla humma inna hadha 'abduka wabnu 'abdika wabnu amatika nazala bika wa anta khayru manzulin bihi. Alla humma inna la na'lamu minhu illa khayra wa anta a'alamu bihi minna. Alla humma in kana mohsinan fa zid fi ihsaanihi wa in kana musi'an fatajaawaz 'anhu waghfir lahu. Alla hummaj'alhu 'indaka fi a'laa 'illiyyeen wakhluf 'ala ahlihi fil ghabireen warhamhu bi-rahmatika ya ar hamar Rahimeen.
And if the deceased is a woman:
اللَّهُمَّ اِنَّ هذِه أَمَتُكَ وَ ابْنَةُ عَبْدِكَ وَ ابْنَةُ أَمَتِكَ نَزَلَتْ بِكَ وَ أَنْتَ خَيْرُ مَنْزُولٍ بِهِ اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا لَا نَعْلَمُ مِنْهَا إِلَّا خَيْراً وَ أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهَا مِنَّا اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ كَانَتْ مُحْسِنَةً فَزِدْ فِي إِحْسَانِهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ مُسِيئَةً فَتَجَاوَزْ عَنْهَا وَ اغْفِرْ لَهَا اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْهَا عِنْدَكَ فِي أَعْلَى عِلِّيِّينَ وَ اخْلُفْ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا فِي الْغَابِرِينَ وَ ارْحَمْهَا بِرَحْمَتِكَ يَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِين
Alla humma inna hadhihi amatuka wabnatu 'abdika wabnatu amatika nazalat bika wa anta khayru manzulin bihi. Alla humma inna la na'lamu minha illa khayra wa anta a'alamu biha minna. Alla humma in kanat mohsinatan fa zid fi ihsaaniha wa in kanat musi'atan fatajaawaz 'anha waghfir laha. Alla hummaj'alha 'indaka fi a'laa 'illiyyeen wakhluf 'ala ahliha fil ghabireen warhamha bi-rahmatika ya ar hamar Rahimeen.