1234. If during the iÎtiyÁÔ prayer, prior to arriving at the first rukÙ, a person realizes that the omitted portion of his prayer is greater or less than the iÎtiyÁÔ prayer, and he is unable to complete the iÎtiyÁÔ prayer in a manner that conforms to the omitted portion—for example, if a person entertains a doubt between three and four rak‘ah, and during the two rak‘ah iÎtiyÁÔ prayer that is offered sitting, he realizes that he had in fact performed two rak‘ah—he should disregard the iÎtiyÁÔ prayer (as two rak‘ah sitting cannot account for two rak‘ah standing). Obligatory precaution dictates that he should complete the omitted portion of his prayer, offer two sajdat al-sahw for the additional salÁm and another two for the additional tashahhud, if there was any, and repeat his prayer.
However, if he realizes after the first rukÙ, his prayer will be deemed invalid.
1235. If a person doubts whether he has offered an iÎtiyÁÔ prayer that he was obligated to offer or not, he should dismiss his doubt if the time of prayer has elapsed. However, if there is time remaining, and only a small period of time has elapsed between the prayer and his doubt, and he has not performed an act that invalidates the prayer, such as turning his back to the qiblah, he should offer the iÎtiyÁÔ prayer. However, if he has performed an act that invalidates prayer, or a great period of time has elapsed between the prayer and his doubt, obligatory precaution dictates that he should repeat his prayer.
1236. If a person performs two rak‘ah in lieu of one rak‘ah in the iÎtiyÁÔ prayer, or an additional rukn, the iÎtiyÁÔ prayer will be deemed invalid, therefore requiring him to repeat the original prayer.
1237. If during an iÎtiyÁÔ prayer, a person entertains a doubt regarding a component of the iÎtiyÁÔ prayer, he should perform it, so long as its place has not passed. However, if its place has passed, he should dismiss his doubt. For example, if he doubts whether he has recited sÙrat al-FÁtiÎah or not, he should recite it so long as he has not proceeded to rukÙ. However, if he has proceeded to rukÙ, he should dismiss his doubt.
1238. If a person entertains a doubt regarding the number of rak‘ah (he has offering) in an iÎtiyÁÔ prayer, then if the greater number of rak‘ah invalidates the prayer, he should assume he has performed the lesser number of rak‘ah. However, if the greater number of rak‘ah does not invalidate the prayer, he should assume the greater. For example, if a person doubts he whether has performed two or three rak‘ah while engaged in a two rak‘ah iÎtiyÁÔ prayer, he should assume he has performed two rak‘ah, as three rak‘ah would invalidate the prayer. However, if a person doubts whether he has performed one or two rak‘ah, he should assume he has performed the greater number, being two rak‘ah, as it would not invalidate the prayer.
1239. If a person engaged in an iÎtiyÁÔ prayer, forgetfully increases or decreases one of its components which is a pillar, it would not require a sajdat al-sahw, except that which shall be elaborated in article 1241.
1240. If a person doubts whether he has carried out a component or condition of the iÎtiyÁÔ prayer after reciting the salÁm, he should dismiss his doubt.
1241. If during the iÎtiyÁÔ prayer, a person forgets to perform tashahhud or one sujÙd, and is unable to perform it during its own place, recommended precaution dictates that he should offer its qaÃÁ and two sajdat al-sahw if he omitted the tashahhud and if he omitted a sujÙd, he should offer its qaÃÁ.
1242. If an iÎtiyÁÔ prayer, and the qaÃÁ of a sujÙd or qaÃÁ of a tashahhud, or two sajdat al-sahw become obligatory on a person, he should offer the iÎtiyÁÔ prayer first.
1244. The rulings for doubts, inadverntence and conjecture in the other obligatory prayers are the same as their ruling in the daily obligatory prayers. For example, if a person engaged in the prayer for signs, doubts whether he has performed one or two rak‘ah, his prayer will be deemed invalid, as a doubt in a two rak‘ah prayer, invalidates it. If he conjectures he has performed one rak‘ah, or conjectures he has performed two rak‘ah, he should complete his prayer based on his conjecture.
1244. The rulings for doubts, inadverntence and conjecture in the other obligatory prayers are the same as their ruling in the daily obligatory prayers. For example, if a person engaged in the prayer for signs, doubts whether he has performed one or two rak‘ah, his prayer will be deemed invalid, as a doubt in a two rak‘ah prayer, invalidates it. If he conjectures he has performed one rak‘ah, or conjectures he has performed two rak‘ah, he should complete his prayer based on his conjecture.
There are five instances where one is required to perform two sajdat al-sahw after the salÁm of prayer, in the manner that will be elaborated. These instances are as follows:
1. When a person inadvertently speaks during prayer
2. When a person forgetfully omits a tashahhud
3. When a person entertains a doubt in a four rak‘ah prayer, rak‘ah after reciting the dhikr of the second sujÙd of the fourth rak‘ah, as to whether he has offered four or five rak‘ah. Similarly if a person doubts while standing whether he offered five or six rak‘ah, (he will have to perform two sajdat al-sahw) as elaborated in section four and nine of article 1207
4. Based on obligatory precaution, when a person offers an inopportune salÁm, such as inadvertently offering it in the first rak‘ah
5. Based on obligatory precaution, when a person forgetfully omits one sujÙd, and similarly when a person accidentally omits or adds a component of prayer
Recommended precaution dictates that a person should also offer two sajdat al-sahw, for standing where one should be sitting, or sitting where one should be standing.
1246. If a person speaks during prayer accidentally, or speaks under the impression that he has completed his prayer, he should offer two sajdat al-sahw.
1247. It is not necessary to offer sajdat al-sahw for the sound produced by sighing, or coughing. However, if a person inadvertently verbalizes the sound akh or ah, he should offer two sajdat al-sahw..
1248. If a person correctly repeats a thing that he had inadvertently recited in the wrong manner, he will not have to perform sajdat al-sahw for having recited it in the wrong manner.
1249. If a person inadvertently speaks for some time during prayer, it is sufficient for him to offer two sajdat al-sahw if his speaking would be deemed as one speech in the common sense.
1250. If a person inadvertently omits tasbÐÎÁt al-arba‘ah, obligatory precaution dictates that he should offer two sajdat al-sahw after his prayer.
1251. If a person inadvertently recites (السَّلامُ عَلَيْنَا وَ عَلي عِبادِ اللهِ الصَّالِحين) or (السَّلامُ عَليْكُمْ وَ رَحْمَةُ اللهِ وَ بَرَكاتُهُ), in a place where salÁm should not be offered, obligatory precaution dictates that he should offer two sajdat al-sahw. He should similarly offer two sajdat al-sahw if he accidentally recites a part of the above two salÁm. However, if a person accidentally recites السَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ اَيُّهَا النَبِيُّ وَ رَحْمَةُ اللهِ وَ بَرَكاتُه)), recommended precaution dictates that he should offer two sajdat al-sahw.
1252. If a person recites all three salÁm inopportunely, two sajdat al-sahw will be sufficient.
1253. If a person forgetfully omits a sujÙd or the tashahhud, and recollects prior to arriving at the rukÙ of the next rak‘ah, he should return and perform it. Recommended precaution dictates that he should offer two sajdat al-sahw for standing inopportunely.
1254. If during rukÙ or after it, a person realizes that he omitted one sujÙd from the previous rak‘ah, he should offer its qaÃÁ after the salÁm, and obligatory precaution dictates that he should offer two sajdat al-sahw. Similarly, if during rukÙ or after it, a person realizes that he omitted the tashahhud from the previous rak‘ah, recommended precaution dictates that he should offer its qaÃÁ, and must offer two sajdat al-sahw.
1255. If a person deliberately does not offer sajdat al-sahw after the salÁm of prayer, he will have sinned, and he is obligated to offer it at the earliest possible time. However, if a person forgets to offer it, he should do so immediately upon recollecting, and it is not necessary for him to repeat his prayer.
1256. If a person doubts whether sajdat al-sahw has become obligatory on him or not, he is not obligated to perform it.
1257. If a person doubts whether he is obligated to offer two sajdat al-sahw or four, it is sufficient that he offer two.
1258. If a person knows that he has not performed one of the two sajdat al-sahw, and it is not possible to recover it, he should offer two sajdat al-sahw again. If he knows he has performed three, obligatory precaution dictates that he should perform two sajdat al-sahw again.
