971. There is no problem if a person forgetfully moves or bends his body, or leans on an object during the obligatory qiyÁm of takbÐrat al-iÎrÁm or the qirÁÞah.
1636. If a person is in janÁbah during one of the nights of the month of Ramadan, and knows or speculates that should he go to sleep, he will be able to wake up before the fajr adhÁn, but is oblivious to the fact that he needs to perform ghusl after waking up, then should such a person go to sleep and fail to wake up until the fajr adhÁn, obligatory precaution will dictate that he fasts the qaÃÁ of that day’s fast.
972. Obligatory precaution dictates that both feet should be placed on the ground while standing. It is however not necessary to spread the weight of the body between both feet. In fact, there is no problem if the weight is concentrated on one foot.
1637. If a person who is in janÁbah during one of the nights of the month of Ramadan is certain or considers it probable that should he go to sleep, he will be able to wake up before the fajr adhÁn, then should such a person not wish to perform ghusl after waking up, or be indecisive about it, and goes to sleep without waking up, his fast will be invalid for that day. It will be obligatory on him to fast its qaÃÁ and pay its kaffÁrah as well.
973. If a person, who is able to stand properly, spreads his feet in a manner that one would no longer deem him to be standing, his prayer is invalid. Obligatory precaution dictates that his prayer is similarly invalid if his standing is not what is normally deemed standing.
1638. If a person in janÁbah goes to sleep on a night during the month of Ramadan, and then wakes up after a while, and either knows or speculates that should he go back to sleep, he will be able to wake up before the adhÁn of fajr, and has the intention to perform ghusl thereat, then should he go back to sleep, and not wake up prior to the adhÁn of fajr, he will have to fast the qaÃÁ of that day’s fast. If he wakes up after his second nap, and go back to sleep a third time, failing to wake up prior to the adhÁn of fajr, he will have to fast the qaÃÁ of that day’s fast. The recommended precaution is that he should pay the kaffÁrah as well.
974. A person should maintain bodily composure while reciting the obligatory dhikr of prayer. If he wishes to move his body forward or backwards, or wishes to move his body slightly to the right or left, he should remain silent.
1639. The first sleep, given that a person experiences a nocturnal ejaculation, is the sleep that one enters after waking up. As for the sleep in which one experiences the nocturnal ejaculation, it does not count as the first sleep.
975. If a person recites a recommended dhikr while in motion, both the dhikr and the prayer are valid. However, if he recites the recommended dhikr of prayer, with the intention of reciting that which is a part of the prayer, the precaution is that he should maintain bodily composure, even though his prayer will be valid if it loses composure. However, the dhikr بِحَولِ اللهِ وَ قُوَّتِه أَقومُ و أَقعُدُ (bi Îawl illÁhi wa quwwatihi aqÙmu wa aq‘Ùdu) should be recited while standing up.
1640. If a person who is fasting experiences a nocturnal ejaculation during the day, it is not obligatory on him to perform the ghusl immediately.
1641. If a person wakes up after the fajr adhÁn in the month of Ramadan, and realizes that he experienced a nocturnal ejaculation, his fast will be in order even if he knows that he experienced it before the fajr adhÁn.
976. There is no problem in moving the hands or fingers during the qirÁÞah or the obligatory dhikr, although recommended precaution dictates that they too should remain stationary.
977. If a person involuntarily moves his body while reciting sÙrat al-FÁtiÎah, the second sÙrah or tasbÐÎÁt al-arba‘ah, in such a manner that his body loses its composure, recommended precaution dictates that once his body regains composure, he should repeat that which was recited in motion.
1642. If someone wishes to fast the qaÃÁ of a fast of the month of Ramadan, and remains in the state of janÁbah until the fajr adhÁn, his fast will be void even if he did not do so intentionally.
1643. If a person wishes to fast the qaÃÁ of the fast of the month of Ramadan, and having woken up after the fajr adhÁn, realizes that he had a nocturnal ejaculation, and knows that it occurred prior to the fajr adhÁn, his fast will be void based on obligatory precaution. However, should the days remaining prior to the month of Ramadan be limited for observing the qaÃÁ fasts—for example, he has to fast five qaÃÁ fasts, and he only has five days remaining until the advent of the holy month—then in such a case, obligatory precaution will dictate that he continue to fast on that day, and also fast another fast after the month of Ramadan.
978. If a person loses the ability to stand in the midst of his prayer, but his inability does not persist until the end of the allocated time, he should offer his prayers whilst standing, once he is able to do so. However, if his inability persists until the end of the allocated time, he should offer the remainder of his prayer sitting. Similarly, if he is unable to offer his prayer sitting, he should offer it lying down. However, he should not begin with the qirÁÞah or the obligatory dhikr until the body has regained composure. The rulings of the recommended dhikr of this article and the following articles have been elaborated in article 975.
1644. Other than the qada fasts of Ramadan, if a person wishes to offer an obligatory fast which like the fast of kaffÁrah is not date-specific, and intentionally remains in the state of janÁbah until the fajr adhÁn his fast will be in order. The recommended precaution is that apart from that day, he should also fast on another day.
1645. If a woman becomes purified from the state of Îayà or nifÁs before the fajr adhÁn during the month of Ramadan, and intentionally fails to perform ghusl, or if her duty was to perform tayammum, she intentionally fails to do so, then her fast will be void. If this occurs in a fast other than the fast of the month of Ramadan, her fast will remain in order, although the recommended precaution is that she perform her ghusl.
1646. If a woman becomes purified from the state of Îayà or nifÁs before the fajr adhÁn during the month of Ramadan, but does not have enough time to perform ghusl, she should then perform tayammum. Obligatory precaution dictates that she also remain awake until the fajr adhÁn. The same applies to a person in the state of janÁbah, should his duty be to perform tayammum.
1647. If a woman becomes purified from the state of Îayà or nifÁs close to the fajr adhÁn during the month of Ramadan, but does not have enough time to perform ghusl or tayammum, her fast will nonetheless be in order.
1648. If a woman becomes purified from the state of Îayà or nifÁs after the fajr adhÁn, or observes the blood of Îayà or nifÁs during the day, even if it be close to the time of maghrib, her fast will be void.
979. A person should not offer prayer sitting, so long as he is able to do so standing. For example, if a person cannot stop his body from shaking, or is compelled to lean on something, bend his body sideways, bend down, or spread his legs wider than usual, in such a manner that it is still deemed an instance of standing in these three cases, he should stand in whatever manner he is able to and offer his prayer. However, if he unable to stand in any manner, he should offer his prayer sitting in an upright position.
1649. If a woman forgets to perform the ghusl of Îayà or nifÁs, and recollects after a day or after a few days, the fasts that she observed will still be in order. The recommended precaution is that she observe the qaÃÁ of those fasts.
980. A person should not offer prayer lying down, so long as he is able to do so sitting. If he is unable to sit in an upright position, he should sit in any manner he can. If he is unable to sit in any manner, he should lie on his right side as elaborated in the articles relating to the rules of qiblah. If he is unable to do so, he should lie on his left side. If that too is not possible, he should lie on his back with the soles of his feet facing the qiblah.
1650. If a woman is purified from Îayà or nifÁs prior to the fajr adhÁn during the month of Ramadan, and she negligently fails to perform her ghusl prior to the adhÁn time, her fast will be void. However, if she is not negligent of it—such as the case wherein she waits for the public bath to have a ladies only session—then even if she falls asleep thrice, eventually not succeeding to perform her ghusl, her fast will be in order if she performs tayammum. If she is not even able to perform tayammum, then her fast is in order even if it is without performing it.
981. If a person offers prayer sitting, but is able to perform rukÙ conventionally after reciting sÙrat al-FÁtiÎah and the latter sÙrah, or after tasbÐÎÁt al-arba‘ah, he should stand and then perform rukÙ. If he is unable to do so, he should perform rukÙ while sitting.
982. If a person offers prayer lying down, but is able to sit up during his prayer, he should offer his prayer sitting to the extent he can. Similarly, if he is able to stand during his prayer, he should stand for the duration he is able. He should not however commence with qirÁÞah or the obligatory dhikr until his body has stopped moving.
983. If a person offers his prayer sitting, but is able to stand during prayer, he should do so to the extent he can. He should not however commence with the qirÁÞah or the obligatory dhikr until his body has stopped moving.
1651. If a woman who is in istiÎÁÃah kathÐrah performs her ghusl in accordance to the rulings that were elaborated in the section on the precepts of istiÎÁÃah, her fast will be valid. As for the case of istiÎÁÃah mutawassiÔah, her fast will be valid even if she does not perform her ghusl.
984. If a person who is able to stand, fears that owing to his standing, he may develop an illness, or encounter harm, he may offer his prayer while sitting. If he fears the same from sitting, he may offer his prayer while lying down.
