107. A kÁfir is a person who denies the existence of God, the prophethood of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him and his progeny), or the Day of Judgment. A person who doubts in the existence of God or the prophethood of the Holy Prophet, or ascribes partners to God or doubts in His oneness, is also a kÁfir and is najis. Similar are the khawÁrij—those who went out against an infallible imam—and the ghulÁt—those who believe in the divinity of an Imam or believe that God dwells within their bodies—and the nawÁsib—those who are enemies of one of the Imams or Lady FÁÔimah ZahrÁÞ (Peace be upon)—and anyone who denies one of the necessities of the religion, such as prayers or fasting, while knowing that it is a necessity of the religion. As for the Ahl al-KitÁb—the Christians and the Jews—the stronger view is that they are ÔÁhir, although it is better to avoid them.
108. The entire body of a kÁfir, including his hair, nails, and bodily fluids, are najis.
109. If the parents and grandparents of a non-bÁligh child are all kÁfir, then he is najis as well, except if he is discerning child and professes Islam. If even one of them is a Muslim, the child is ÔÁhir, except if he is a discerning child and professes kufr (infidelity).
110. A person about whom it is not known whether he is a Muslim or not, will be considered ÔÁhir. However, he will not have the privileges of a Muslim, like, he cannot marry a Muslim woman, nor can he be buried in a Muslim cemetery.
111. A person who insults any of the fourteen infallibles on account of enmity, is najis.
