2497. It is forbidden for a man to look at the hair or body of a non-m¡hram woman, be it with the intention of deriving pleasure or not, and be it accompanied with the fear of being lured into a sin or not. As for looking at her face and hands, if it is accompanied with the intention of deriving pleasure or the fear of committing a sin, it too is forbidden. The recommended precaution is that a man avoid looking at the face and hands of a woman, even if it is not accompanied with the intention of deriving pleasure or the fear of committing a sin.
Similarly, it is forbidden for a woman to look at the body of a man, except for the areas which are not usually covered in the practice of the religiously abiding people, such as the head, the face, the neck, the hands and the legs. In this case, it is permitted for a woman to look at the aforementioned places if it is not accompanied with the intention of deriving pleasure or the fear of being lured into a sin.
2498. Women who are not affected by calls to -cover themselves in the presence of a non-ma¦ram, be they Muslims on not, one may look at the parts of their bodies which they customarily do not have a habit of covering, provided that it is not accompanied with the intention of deriving pleasure or the fear of being lured into a sin.
2499. A woman must cover her hair and face from a non-m¡hram man. She should also cover her face and hands in the event that she has the intention of displaying them, and a man looks at them with the intention of deriving pleasure. The obligatory precaution is that she should also cover them in the event that a man looks at them with the intention of deriving pleasure, even though she may not have the intention of displaying them.
It is not obligatory to cover one’s head and hair from a non-b¡ligh child, except in the event that it arouses his passion, in which case the obligatory precaution is to cover them.
2500. It is forbidden to look at the private parts of another person, even the private parts of a discerning child, who can discern good from bad, even if it be from behind a glass window, or in a mirror, still water or anything similar.
A husband and wife may look at the entire body of each other. As for looking at the private parts of a k¡fir, it is forbidden based on obligatory precaution.
2501. A man and woman who are ma¦ram to each other may look at each other’s entire body, except for the private parts, if they do not have the intention of deriving pleasure.
2502. It is forbidden for a man to look at the body of another man, or a woman at the body of another woman, if it is accompanied with the intention of deriving pleasure.
2503. Obligatory precaution dictates that it is not permissible to look at the photo of a non-ma¦ram woman whom one recognizes, and she is a woman who heeds the calls to refrain from displaying herself to non-ma¦ram men.
2504. If a woman wishes to give an enema to another woman, or a man other than her husband, or wash his/her private parts, she should wear something on her hands so that her hands do not come in direct contact with his/her private parts. The same applies if a man wishes to give an enema to another man, or a woman other than his wife, or wishes to wash his/her private parts.
2505. If a woman is compelled to refer to a non-ma¦ram man for treatment, and the man is compelled to look at her and touch her body for treatment purposes, it is permissible. However, if he is able to treat her by simply looking at her, and not touching her body, he must not touch her body. Similarly, if he is able to treat her by touching her, he should avoid looking at her. In all cases, if he is able to treat her by putting on a pair of gloves, he should not treat her with his bare hands.
2506. If a person is compelled to refer to another individual for treatment, and that person is also compelled to look at his private parts while treating him, obligatory precaution dictates that he look at his private parts through a mirror. However, if there is no other way to treat the person without (directly) looking at his private parts, or if using a mirror entails hardship, it will not be problematic (to look directly at the private parts).
