351. A person enters the state of janÁbah on account of the following two reasons:
1. sexual intercourse
2. ejaculation, be it while sleeping or awake, by releasing a significant amount of semen or an insignificant amount, with pleasure or without, voluntarily or involuntarily.
352. If a fluid is released from a man, and he does not know if it is semen, urine or another fluid, it will be subject to the rulings of semen if it spurts out, is accompanied with intense pleasure, and thereafter the body experiences a feeling of laxity. If he doesn’t observe any of these signs, or some of them, it will not be treated as semen. However, in the case of an ailing person, if it is ejaculated with intense pleasure, it will be treated as semen, even if it does not spurt out, and does not result in the body becoming lax. As for a woman, if she ejaculates with a feeling of intense pleasure, the ghusl of janÁbah will be obligatory on her.
353. If a fluid which contains one of the three aforementioned signs is emitted from a man who is not sick, and he does not know if it contains the other signs or not, given that he was in the state of wuÃÙ before its emission, he can suffice himself with that wuÃÙ. If however, he was not in the state of wuÃÙ, it will be sufficient for him to perform wuÃÙ only.
354. It is recommended to urinate after ejaculation. If a person does not urinate after ejaculation, and thereafter observes a fluid which he cannot tell if it is semen or another fluid, it will be subject to the rulings of semen.
355. If a man has intercourse with a woman, and he penetrates to the point of circumcision or more, be it the front or back orifice, both of them will enter the state of janÁbah, regardless of whether ejaculation occurs or not. If a man has intercourse with another man, based on obligatory precaution he should perform ghusl, and also perform wuÃÙ if he was not previously in the state of wuÃÙ. If he was, performing ghusl only will be sufficient. The aforementioned rulings will not differ for a bÁligh or a non-bÁligh, a sane person or an insane person, one who intended to commit the act or one who did not.
356. If a man doubts whether he has penetrated to the point of circumcision or not, ghusl will not be obligatory on him.
357. If a man has intercourse with an animal and ejaculates, performing ghusl only will suffice. If he does not ejaculate, and was in the state of wuÃÙ prior to intercourse, again performing ghusl only will suffice. If however, he was not in the state of wuÃÙ, the obligatory precaution is that he should perform ghusl and perform wuÃÙ as well.
358. If movement of seminal fluid is felt but it is not emitted, or if a person doubts whether he has emitted semen or not, ghusl will not be obligatory upon him.
359. One who cannot perform ghusl, but can perform tayammum instead, is allowed to have intercourse with his wife, even if the time of prayer has set in.
360. If a person observes semen on his clothes, and knows it to be his own, and also knows that he has not performed ghusl for it, he should perform the ghusl of janÁbah. As for the prayers that he is certain were offered after the ejaculation, he should repeat them if the time for them has not yet elapsed. If the time has elapsed, he should offer the qaÃÁ for those prayers. As for the prayers that he speculates were offered prior to the ejaculation, he does not have to repeat them, nor offer their qaÃÁ.
