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1109. A person should recite the tashahhud after the second sujÙd in the second rak‘ah of every prayer, whether obligatory or recommended, in the third rak‘ah of maghrib prayer and in the fourth rak‘ah of Ûuhr, ‘aÒr and ‘ishÁ prayers. Tashahhud is also obligatory in the witr prayer.
Tashahhud is recited in the following manner:
اَشْهَدُ اَنْ لا اِلهَ اِلاَّ اللّهُ وَحْدَهُ لا شَرِيكَ لَهُ
وَ اَشْهَدُ اَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ
اَللّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلى مُحَمَّد وَ الِ مُحَمَّد ({^ I testify that there is no God but Allah, He alone, without any partner, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and His messenger.
O Allah, send Your blessings upon Muhammad and the progeny of Muhammad.^})
Ash'hadu al la ilaaha ill'Allahu wahdahu la shareekalah. Wa ash'hadu anna Muhammadan 'abduhu wa rasuluh. Allahumma salli 'ala Muhamamdin wa Aali Muhammad.

Obligatory precaution dictates that tashahhud should only be recited in the aforementioned manner. In the obligatory prayers, one should sit up after the second sujÙd, and recite the tashahhud with a composed body. It is not however necessary to sit or maintain bodily composure in the recommended prayers.

1110. The words of tashahhud should be recited consecutively, in a manner that is normal, and in correct Arabic.

1111. If a person forgets to recite the tashahhud and stands up, but then recollects prior to entering rukÙ, he should sit and recite the tashahhud. He should then stand again, recite what should be recited in that rak‘ah and complete his prayer.
Recommended precaution dictates that one should offer two sajdah al-sahw upon completing the prayer, for standing up inopportunely. If a person however recollects upon entering rukÙ or after it, he should complete his prayer and based on recommended precaution, recite a qaÃÁ tashahhud after reciting salÁm. He should also perform two sajdah al-sahw for the forgotten tashahhud.

1112. It is recommended to sit on the left thigh during tashahhud and to place the upper portion of the right foot on the sole of the left foot. Prior to reciting the tashahhud, it is recommended to say: اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّهِ (Alhamdulillah)({^ All praise belongs to Allah.^}) , or to say:
بِسْمِ اللّهِ وَ بِاللّهِ وَ الْحَمْدُ لِلّهِ وَ خَيْرُ الاَسْماءِ لِلّهِ ({^ In the name of Allah, for Allah and all praise belongs to Allah, and the best names belong to Allah.^})
Bismillahi wa billahi wal-hamdulillaahi wa khayrul asmaai lillah
It is also recommended to place one’s hands on the thighs, to join the fingers together, and look at one’s lap. After reciting ÒalawÁt in the first tashahhud, one should recite:
وَ تَقَبَّلْ شَفاعَتَهُ وَ ارْفَعْ دَرَجَتَهُ ({^ And accept his (the prophet’s) intercession and raise his rank.^})
Wa taqabbal shafa'atahu warfa' darajatah

1113. It is recommended for women to place their thighs together while reciting tashahhud.